Science fiction (sci-fi) is a genre of speculative fiction that explores the impact of actual or imagined science and technology on individuals and society. It is often called the “literature of ideas” because it asks the ultimate question: “What if?”
Since you asked broadly, sci-fi stories are best understood through their main categories, common themes, and historic masterworks. The Two Pillars of Sci-Fi
Sci-fi is generally split into two distinct branches based on how strictly the story adheres to real-world science:
Hard Sci-Fi: Grounded heavily in real scientific principles, physics, and mathematics. The technology must be plausible. Examples include Andy Weir’s The Martian or the detailed space mechanics in The Expanse.
Soft Sci-Fi: Focuses more on the “soft sciences” like psychology, sociology, anthropology, and politics. The technology is just a backdrop to explore human nature. Examples include George Orwell’s 1984 or Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale. Core Themes & Tropes Most sci-fi stories revolve around a few timeless concepts: 150+ Science fiction Short Stories to read – Reedsy
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